Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with arabica coffee and geographical distribution in the neotropical region

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the most important Brazilian agricultural commodities exported, and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States are the main coffee producers. Scale insects are important coffee pests, and 73 species of Cerococcidae (3), Coccidae (18), Diaspididae (6), Eriococcidae (1), Ortheziidae (3), Pseudococcidae (21), Putoidae (2) and Rhizoecidae (19) have been associated with roots, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of Arabica coffee in the Neotropics. Eight species were found associated with Arabica coffee in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States in this study, and Coccidae was the most frequent family. Coccus alpinus, Cc. celatus, Cc. lizeri, Cc. viridis, and Saissetia coffeae (Coccidae) were found in both states; Alecanochiton marquesi, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Diaspididae), and Dysmicoccus texensis (Pseudococcidae) were only found in Minas Gerais. Alecanochiton marquesi and P. trilobitiformis are first reported in Minas Gerais, and Cc. alpinus in Espírito Santo, on Arabica coffee. All scale insect species were associated with coffee leaves and branches, except D. texensis, associated with coffee roots. Fourty seven scale insect species have been found occurring in Brazilian Arabica coffee, and in Espírito Santo (28) and Minas Gerais (23). Widespread and geographical distribution of each species found are discussed.

Las especies de Coccus que afectan Coffea Arabica en Brasil (Coccoidea: Coccidae) y redescripcion de dos especies / Coccus species affecting Coffea arabica in Brazil (Coccoideae: Coccidae) and the redescription of two species

Five Coccus on Coffea arabica from the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais were studied. Females were prepared and mounted in Canada balsam. Coccus brasiliensis Fonseca and Coccus lizeri (Fonseca) were redescribed and Coccus alpinus De Lotto, Coccus celatus De Lotto and Coccus viridis (Green) were characterized. A key to species and illustration of all of them are included. Coccus alpinus and C. celatus are new records for Brazil and the Neotropical Region.

Morphology of the Phytophagous bug Platyscytus decempunctatus (Carvalho) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Platyscytus decempunctatus Carvalho is a small mirid living throughout its life cicle plant Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). The internal morphology of P. decempunctatus was studied and found that the female has a telotrophic ovary with three ovarioles in the right ovary and five in the left one. In the male reproductive trait there is a well developed tubular accessory gland. The phytophagous feeding habitat of P. decempunctatus was confirmed by the observations of chlorophyll pigments in the gut of all dissected specimens. The tubular salivary glands and the Malpighian tubules were also discussed.

Platyscytus decempunctatus Carvalho é um mirídeo de pequeno porte que vive durante seu ciclo de vida em plantas de Solanum cernuum Vell. (Solanaceae). A morfologia interna de P. decempunctatus foi estudada revelando que fêmeas possuem ovário do tipo telotrófico com três ovaríolos no ovário direito e cinco no esquerdo. Nas estruturas reprodutivas dos machos existe uma glândula acessória tubular bem desenvolvida. A fitofagia de P. decempunctatus foi confirmada devido a observações de pigmentos de clorofila no intestino de todos os espécimes dissecados. As glândulas salivares em formato tubular e os túbulos de Malpighi também foram discutidos.

Imidacloprid impact on arthropods associated with canopy of common beans / Impacto do imidaclopride em artrópodes associados ao dossel do feijoeiro

The present work aimed at assessing the temporal and spatial effect of applying the insecticide imidacloprid on the arthropod community associated with the canopy of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). About 2 ha of bean field was divided into two adjacent fields subjected to the same crop management practices except for insecticide application. Imidacloprid 700 GrDA (147 g a.i./ha) was applied to 20-day old plants. Three transects were extended from the mid-part of the sprayed area to the mid-part of the non-sprayed area. Nine sampling points 10 m apart were established in each transect. Arthropods were sampled from the plant canopy before and 3, 8, 14, 22, 29 37 and 44 days after insecticide application. There was a strong temporal effect of the insecticide on some arthropod guilds, but the spatial effect of the insecticide application was only noticeable in Empoasca kraemeri Roos & Moore whose dispersion from the non-sprayed area masked the insecticide effect on the treated area. The insecticide decreased the Thrips tabaci (Lind.), Caliothrips brasiliensis (Morgan), and E. kraemeri populations until 22 days after its application. Imidacloprid also prevented population increase of springtails (Collembola), but it did not significantly affect plant-chewing insects nor Frankliniella sp., Liriomyza spp. and Bemisia (Genn.). Imidacloprid was selective in favor of the most common bean pest predators and parasitoids.

O presente trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito temporal e espacial da aplicação do inseticida imidaclopride na comunidade de artrópodos associados ao dossel do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris). Cerca de dois hectares de feijoeiro foram divididos em duas partes. Ambas receberam as mesmas práticas culturais, exceto pela aplicação do inseticida. Imidaclopride 700 GrDA (147 g i.a/ha) foi aplicado aos 20 dias de idade das plantas. Foram traçados três transectos abrangendo as áreas pulverizadas e não-pulverizadas. Cada transecto foi composto por nove pontos amostrais eqüidistantes 10 m. Amostrou-se a parte aérea das plantas antes da aplicação e aos 3, 8, 14, 22, 29 37 e 44 dias após a aplicação do imidaclopride. Verificou-se efeito temporal do inseticida em algumas guildas de artrópodos, mas o efeito espacial da aplicação do inseticida foi verificado apenas para Empoasca kraemeri Roos & Moore, onde a dispersão da área não-tratada mascarou o efeito do inseticida sobre a área tratada. O inseticida afetou as populações de Thrips tabaci (Lind.), Caliothrips brasiliensis (Morgan) e E. kraemeri, mantendo-as em baixos níveis até 22 dias após a aplicação. Imidaclopride também preveniu o incremento de Collembola, não apresentando, porém, efeito significativo sobre insetos mastigadores, Frankliniella sp., Liriomyza spp. e Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Imidaclopride foi seletivo, não afetando predadores e parasitóides comumente associados às pragas do feijoeiro.